Michelle Thew is chief executive of the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection and has worked on a number of campaigns regarding the use of animals for research and testing, including successful work on a European Union-wide cosmetics testing ban.

James Hitchcock is a professor emeritus of history at St. Louis University. He wrote the book The Supreme Court and Religion in American Life, Vol. 2: From “Higher Law” to “Sectarian Scruples.”

Betsy Nessen Merrill is director of development and communications for AltWeb, the Alternatives to Animal Testing website, a project of the Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing in Baltimore.

Dr. Michael Greger is a physician and director of public health and animal agriculture in the farm animal welfare division of the Humane Society of the United States. He is an expert on the public-health implications of using antibiotics and growth hormones in livestock and other food-safety issues.

Davison M. Douglas is director of the Election Law Program at the Marshall-Wythe School of Law at the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Va. He wrote the essay “‘Christian Nation’ as a Concept in Supreme Court Jurisprudence” for Religion and American Law: An Encyclopedia.

Dr. Larry Carbone is a veterinarian at the University of California, San Francisco. He is the author of What Animals Want: Expertise and Advocacy in Laboratory Animal Welfare Policy.

The Rev. Lewis V. Baldwin is a professor emeritus of religious studies at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tenn. He edited the book The Legacy of Martin Luther King Jr.: The Boundaries of Law, Politics and Religion.  

Theodora Capaldo is president/executive director of the New England Anti-Vivisection Society, which spearheads Project R&R: Release and Restitution for Chimpanzees in U.S. Laboratories. Capaldo is a licensed psychologist, a trustee of the American Fund for Alternatives to Animal Research and past president of Psychologists for the Ethical Treatment of Animals.

Michael S. Ariens is a professor of church and state for the school of law at St. Mary’s University in San Antonio, Texas. He wrote the essay “Religion in the Courtroom” for the book Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices (ABC-Clio, 2002).