Daniel C. Robinson is dean of the college of pharmacy at Western University in California.

Lynn D. Wardle, a law professor at the J. Reuben Clark Law School at Brigham Young University in Utah, has written a proposed draft of a conscience protection law that states generally that no health care provider should have to provide services that violate his or her moral or religious convictions.

Sandra Johnson is a law professor emerita Saint Louis University. She has written about pain management, care of the dying and nursing homes, and can speak about the ethical challenges they present for health care workers.

Matthew Murawski is an associate professor of pharmacy administration at Purdue University in Indiana. He says pharmacists can face ethical concerns that go well beyond dispensing birth control – involving, for example, end-of-life issues and what medications are appropriate for children.

Amy M. Haddad is a professor and director of the Center for Health Policy and Ethics and a professor of health sciences at Creighton University in Omaha, Neb. She is past chairwoman of the ethics special interest group of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy.

Joseph Fink is a professor of pharmacy law and policy at the University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy. He has written about pharmacy law and ethics and is a founder of the American Society of Pharmacy Law. Contact  [email protected].

Read an opinion piece by sociologist Florence A. Ruderman from the September 1, 2005 New York Times about a pharmacist who refused to fill her father’s prescription for morphine when he was dying of cancer and in severe pain, and how that’s affected her views of pharmacists’ responsibilities.

Read a March 12, 2013, article on a pro-life news website about Missouri’s House of Representatives passing a bill that would exempt anyone from participating in medical services that are contrary to his or her religious beliefs.

Read a February 27, 2013, article at Salon.com about hurdles to obtaining emergency contraception.