Read a 2005 survey of 17,000 Muslims in 17 countries by the Pew Global Attitudes Project. Among its findings is that many Muslims see extremism as a threat to their countries.

The Council on Foreign Relations offers a “backgrounder” on Europe and the integration of Islam that covers history and major issues confronting Muslims and the European countries in which they live.

Bassam Tibi is a professor of international relations at the University of Göttingen in Göttingen, Germany, and an expert on radical fundamentalism in political Islam throughout Europe and the Middle East.

Jonathan Laurence is an assistant professor of political science at Boston College in Boston. He specializes in Muslim identity in Europe, especially in Germany and France. He has written widely about the integration of Muslims in France, including on the controversy of Muslim girls wearing hijab to public school.

H.A. Hellyer is an associate fellow at the University of Warwick in Warwick, England, and a visiting fellow at the Brookings Institution’s Saban Center for Middle East Policy. He is an expert on Islam in Europe and has written several books on the subject, including Islam in Europe: Multiculturalism and the European “Other.”  He can discuss Islam […]

Jocelyne Cesari is a professor of Religion and Politics, working primarily in the Edward Cadbury Centre for the Public Understanding of Religion at the University of Birmingham.

Zeyno Baran is an associate scholar at the Center on Islam, Democracy and the Future of Muslim World and a senior fellow and director of the Hudson’s Center for Eurasian Policy. She is an expert on Islam and politics in Europe.

Husain Haqqani is a senior fellow at the Center on Islam, Democracy and the Future of the Muslim World and director for the Center for International Relations at Boston University. He is the author of Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military.

Azyumardi Azra is a history professor and rector of Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University in Jakarta, Indonesia. He is the author of numerous books, including Indonesia, Islam and Democracy: Dynamics in a Global Context.