Rabbi Yakov Litzman is Israel’s deputy minister of health. Vaccinations aren’t mandatory in Israel, but Litzman has expressed support for changing that in recent years.

Heidi Larson directs the Vaccine Confidence Project at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, where she also teaches anthropology. She previously served as head of global immunization communication for UNICEF.

Susan Close is the state Labor Party member for Port Adelaide in the South Australian Parliament. She previously served as South Australia’s minister for education and child development and oversaw the passage of a 2017 law banning unvaccinated children from enrolling in preschools and child care centers.

Roberto Burioni is a professor of microbiology and virology at San Raffaele University in Milan, Italy. He helps lead online campaigns to educate Italian families about vaccine science.

Josh Williams is an assistant professor of pediatrics at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. He researches how religion influences people’s views on vaccines.

Ryan Tipping is a Democratic representative in the Maine House of Representatives. He sponsored the 2019 legislation that ended nonmedical vaccine exemptions.

Mark Movsesian directs the Center for Law and Religion at St. John’s University, where he also teaches contract law. He co-hosts the “Legal Spirits” podcast on law and religion, which covered the “anti-vaxx” movement in 2019.

Brad Hoylman is a Democratic state senator in New York. He sponsored the 2019 legislation that eliminated nonmedical exemptions to school vaccine requirements. Arrange an interview through Avi Small.

Peter Hotez is dean of the National School of Tropical Medicine at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston. He worked on research teams that developed vaccines for hookworm, schistosomiasis and SARS. Hotez is also the author of Vaccines Did Not Cause Rachel’s Autism: My Journey as a Vaccine Scientist, Pediatrician and Autism Dad.