Amy M. Haddad is a professor and director of the Center for Health Policy and Ethics and a professor of health sciences at Creighton University in Omaha, Neb. She is past chairwoman of the ethics special interest group of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy.

Joseph Fink is a professor of pharmacy law and policy at the University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy. He has written about pharmacy law and ethics and is a founder of the American Society of Pharmacy Law. Contact  [email protected].

A BBC article on Islam explains that abortion is generally forbidden by the religion, but is acceptable if having the baby will put the mother’s life in danger.

Read an opinion piece by sociologist Florence A. Ruderman from the September 1, 2005 New York Times about a pharmacist who refused to fill her father’s prescription for morphine when he was dying of cancer and in severe pain, and how that’s affected her views of pharmacists’ responsibilities.

Read a March 12, 2013, article on a pro-life news website about Missouri’s House of Representatives passing a bill that would exempt anyone from participating in medical services that are contrary to his or her religious beliefs.

Ellen Wilcox is public relations director for the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists in Bethesda, Md., which tracks legislation involving pharmacists and represents close to 40,000 pharmacists who work in hospitals, long-term care facilities and other health care systems.

Michelle Spinnler is the spokeswoman for the American Pharmacists Association, with 62,000 members.

Gretchen Borchelt is senior counsel at the National Women’s Law Center in Washington, D.C. The center fights against pharmacy refusals and state bans on insurance coverage of abortion. Contact  Maria Patrick.

The U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops has raised concerns about a range of freedom of conscience questions related to protection of life issues and supports including conscience provisions in proposed funding bills.