Read a May 10, 2004, New Yorker article on responsibility at Abu Ghraib.

Read a May 14, 2004, article by Robert Parham in EthicsDaily.com, a publication of the Baptist Center for Ethics. It examines the “bad apples” explanation of the Abu Ghraib abuses in a Christian religious context.

Read the official Defense Department report on the Abu Ghraib abuses, published in August 2004, particularly Appendix G on the social psychology of abusive behavior and the predictability of abuse in the right social circumstance.

Read a May 18, 2007, Time magazine article about Dr. Philip Zimbardo’s role in the Abu Ghraib story.

Read a May 18, 2007, Time magazine article about Dr. Philip Zimbardo’s role in the Abu Ghraib story.

Read an Aug. 28, 2007, Associated Press story about an Army officer acquitted of failing to control U.S. soldiers who abused prisoners at Abu Ghraib in Iraq.

Read a May 8, 2004, San Francisco Chronicle story on how the Stanford Prison Experiment foretold Abu Ghraib.

Herbert Kelman is Richard Clarke Cabot Professor of Social Ethics, Emeritus, in the psychology department at Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., and co-author of Crimes of Obedience: Toward a Social Psychology of Authority and Responsibility.

Martha K. Huggins is Charles A. and Leo M. Favrot Professor of Human Relations at Tulane University in New Orleans and co-author of Violence Workers: Police Torturers and Murderers Reconstruct Brazilian Atrocities.